Spark Dev - 1/5 a gentle introduction

7 minute read

Banner from a cropped photo by Jamie Street on Unsplash

In order to prepare the Databricks’ Associate Developer for Apache Spark 2.4 certification, i’ve made all the examples of the book “Spark: The Definitive Guide” by Bill Chambers, Matei Zaharia (O’reilly - Feb 2018) as exercices. This book is an invaluable resource ! There are from time to time several variations from the orginal examples.

This blog post is part of a serie about Spark Dev :

You can find all these jupyter notebooks in a dedicated github repository, with for each a blank notebook (without code / only result) in order to train yourselves.

Create a spark session

import org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession

Intitializing Scala interpreter ...

Spark Web UI available at http://ed1efe135804:4040
SparkContext available as 'sc' (version = 3.0.0, master = local[*], app id = local-1597170050923)
SparkSession available as 'spark'

import org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession

val spark = SparkSession.builder
    .appName("essdg")
    .getOrCreate()

spark: org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession = org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession@4a9b34fb

Create a DF with range

var test_df = spark.range(100).toDF("numb")
test_df.show(5)

+----+
|numb|
+----+
|   0|
|   1|
|   2|
|   3|
|   4|
+----+
only showing top 5 rows
test_df: org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrame = [numb: bigint]

Retrieve only number divisible by 2

test_df.where("numb % 2 = 0").show(5)

+----+
|numb|
+----+
|   0|
|   2|
|   4|
|   6|
|   8|
+----+
only showing top 5 rows

Read a csv and load it into a DF

val df = spark.read
    .format("csv")
    .option("header", "True")
    .option("inferSchema", "True")
    .load("../../../src/201508_trip_data.csv")

df.select("Trip ID", "Duration", "Start Date", "Start Station", "Start Terminal", "End Date").show(5)

+-------+--------+---------------+--------------------+--------------+---------------+
|Trip ID|Duration|     Start Date|       Start Station|Start Terminal|       End Date|
+-------+--------+---------------+--------------------+--------------+---------------+
| 913460|     765|8/31/2015 23:26|Harry Bridges Pla...|            50|8/31/2015 23:39|
| 913459|    1036|8/31/2015 23:11|San Antonio Shopp...|            31|8/31/2015 23:28|
| 913455|     307|8/31/2015 23:13|      Post at Kearny|            47|8/31/2015 23:18|
| 913454|     409|8/31/2015 23:10|  San Jose City Hall|            10|8/31/2015 23:17|
| 913453|     789|8/31/2015 23:09|Embarcadero at Fo...|            51|8/31/2015 23:22|
+-------+--------+---------------+--------------------+--------------+---------------+
only showing top 5 rows
df: org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrame = [Trip ID: int, Duration: int ... 9 more fields]

You can make any DataFrame into a table or view with one simple method call. This will allow us to query this table like an SQL one :

df.createOrReplaceTempView("df")
import org.apache.spark.sql.functions._

import org.apache.spark.sql.functions._

Select the first 2 rows

df.columns

res4: Array[String] = Array(Trip ID, Duration, Start Date, Start Station, Start Terminal, End Date, End Station, End Terminal, Bike #, Subscriber Type, Zip Code)

df.select("Trip ID", "Duration", "Start Date", "Start Station").show(2) // "*" to select all cols

+-------+--------+---------------+--------------------+
|Trip ID|Duration|     Start Date|       Start Station|
+-------+--------+---------------+--------------------+
| 913460|     765|8/31/2015 23:26|Harry Bridges Pla...|
| 913459|    1036|8/31/2015 23:11|San Antonio Shopp...|
+-------+--------+---------------+--------------------+
only showing top 2 rows

Retrieve the first 3 lines as an array

df.take(3)

res6: Array[org.apache.spark.sql.Row] = Array([913460,765,8/31/2015 23:26,Harry Bridges Plaza (Ferry Building),50,8/31/2015 23:39,San Francisco Caltrain (Townsend at 4th),70,288,Subscriber,2139], [913459,1036,8/31/2015 23:11,San Antonio Shopping Center,31,8/31/2015 23:28,Mountain View City Hall,27,35,Subscriber,95032], [913455,307,8/31/2015 23:13,Post at Kearny,47,8/31/2015 23:18,2nd at South Park,64,468,Subscriber,94107])

Get Schema of the DF

df.schema

res7: org.apache.spark.sql.types.StructType = StructType(StructField(Trip ID,IntegerType,true), StructField(Duration,IntegerType,true), StructField(Start Date,StringType,true), StructField(Start Station,StringType,true), StructField(Start Terminal,IntegerType,true), StructField(End Date,StringType,true), StructField(End Station,StringType,true), StructField(End Terminal,IntegerType,true), StructField(Bike #,IntegerType,true), StructField(Subscriber Type,StringType,true), StructField(Zip Code,StringType,true))

Print it more nicely

df.printSchema()

root
 |-- Trip ID: integer (nullable = true)
 |-- Duration: integer (nullable = true)
 |-- Start Date: string (nullable = true)
 |-- Start Station: string (nullable = true)
 |-- Start Terminal: integer (nullable = true)
 |-- End Date: string (nullable = true)
 |-- End Station: string (nullable = true)
 |-- End Terminal: integer (nullable = true)
 |-- Bike #: integer (nullable = true)
 |-- Subscriber Type: string (nullable = true)
 |-- Zip Code: string (nullable = true)

Sort the DF by the Duration col

spark.sql("""
SELECT * from df
ORDER Duration ASC
""").show(4)

df.sort(asc("Duration")).show(5)

+-------+--------+----------------+--------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------------+------------+------+---------------+--------+
|Trip ID|Duration|      Start Date|       Start Station|Start Terminal|        End Date|         End Station|End Terminal|Bike #|Subscriber Type|Zip Code|
+-------+--------+----------------+--------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------------+------------+------+---------------+--------+
| 508274|      60|10/21/2014 11:57|San Francisco Cal...|            69|10/21/2014 11:58|San Francisco Cal...|          69|   578|     Subscriber|   94107|
| 506025|      60| 10/20/2014 8:16|   Market at Sansome|            77| 10/20/2014 8:17|   Market at Sansome|          77|   109|     Subscriber|   94114|
| 483333|      60| 10/4/2014 19:21|Yerba Buena Cente...|            68| 10/4/2014 19:22|Yerba Buena Cente...|          68|   560|       Customer|     nil|
| 473451|      60|  9/29/2014 7:38|Civic Center BART...|            72|  9/29/2014 7:39|Civic Center BART...|          72|   358|     Subscriber|   94062|
| 438041|      60|  9/4/2014 10:53|Civic Center BART...|            72|  9/4/2014 10:54|Civic Center BART...|          72|   291|     Subscriber|   94117|
+-------+--------+----------------+--------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------------+------------+------+---------------+--------+
only showing top 5 rows

In ascending number & print the physical plan

df.sort(asc("Duration")).explain

== Physical Plan ==
*(1) Sort [Duration#31 ASC NULLS FIRST], true, 0
+- Exchange rangepartitioning(Duration#31 ASC NULLS FIRST, 200), true, [id=#87]
   +- FileScan csv [Trip ID#30,Duration#31,Start Date#32,Start Station#33,Start Terminal#34,End Date#35,End Station#36,End Terminal#37,Bike ##38,Subscriber Type#39,Zip Code#40] Batched: false, DataFilters: [], Format: CSV, Location: InMemoryFileIndex[file:/src/201508_trip_data.csv], PartitionFilters: [], PushedFilters: [], ReadSchema: struct<Trip ID:int,Duration:int,Start Date:string,Start Station:string,Start Terminal:int,End Dat...

Query the table to display cols in an ordered way :

spark.sql("""
SELECT Duration, `Start Date`, `End Station` FROM df
ORDER BY Duration DESC
LIMIT 5
""").show()

+--------+---------------+--------------------+
|Duration|     Start Date|         End Station|
+--------+---------------+--------------------+
|17270400|12/6/2014 21:59|       2nd at Folsom|
| 2137000|6/28/2015 21:50|Yerba Buena Cente...|
| 1852590|  5/2/2015 6:17|Castro Street and...|
| 1133540|7/10/2015 10:35|University and Em...|
|  720454|10/30/2014 8:29|Stanford in Redwo...|
+--------+---------------+--------------------+

Count the “end station” col when groupped

spark.sql("""
SELECT `End Station`, count(`End Station`) 
FROM df
GROUP BY `End Station`
LIMIT 5
""").show()

+--------------------+------------------+
|         End Station|count(End Station)|
+--------------------+------------------+
|       2nd at Folsom|              4727|
|California Ave Ca...|               496|
|Powell at Post (U...|              4134|
| Golden Gate at Polk|              2852|
|Yerba Buena Cente...|              6288|
+--------------------+------------------+

Same thing in a scala way

df.groupBy("End Station").count().show(5)

+--------------------+-----+
|         End Station|count|
+--------------------+-----+
|       2nd at Folsom| 4727|
|California Ave Ca...|  496|
|Powell at Post (U...| 4134|
| Golden Gate at Polk| 2852|
|Yerba Buena Cente...| 6288|
+--------------------+-----+
only showing top 5 rows

df.groupBy("End Station").count().orderBy(desc("count")).show(4)

spark.sql("""
select `End Station`, count(`End Station`) as count
from df
group by `End Station`
order by count DESC
""").show(3)

+--------------------+-----+
|         End Station|count|
+--------------------+-----+
|San Francisco Cal...|34810|
|San Francisco Cal...|22523|
|Harry Bridges Pla...|17810|
+--------------------+-----+
only showing top 3 rows

df.selectExpr("count(Duration)").show(4)

+---------------+
|count(Duration)|
+---------------+
|         354152|
+---------------+

df.selectExpr("mean(Duration)", "avg(Duration)").show(4)

+------------------+------------------+
|    mean(Duration)|     avg(Duration)|
+------------------+------------------+
|1046.0326611172604|1046.0326611172604|
+------------------+------------------+

Retrieve min and max of a col

df.select(min("Duration"), max("Duration")).show()

spark.sql("""
SELECT min(Duration), max(Duration)
FROM df
""").show()

+-------------+-------------+
|min(Duration)|max(Duration)|
+-------------+-------------+
|           60|     17270400|
+-------------+-------------+

df.groupBy("End Station").agg(min("Duration"), max("Duration")).show(5)

spark.sql("""
SELECT `End Station`, min(Duration), max(Duration)
FROM df
GROUP BY `End Station`
""").show(5)

+--------------------+-------------+-------------+
|         End Station|min(Duration)|max(Duration)|
+--------------------+-------------+-------------+
|       2nd at Folsom|           61|     17270400|
|California Ave Ca...|           82|       688899|
|Powell at Post (U...|           66|       141039|
| Golden Gate at Polk|           60|       238286|
|Yerba Buena Cente...|           60|      2137000|
+--------------------+-------------+-------------+
only showing top 5 rows

and in scala:

df.groupBy("End Station").sum("Duration").withColumnRenamed("sum(Duration)", "SUM_DURATION").show(4)

spark.sql("""
select `End Station`, sum(Duration) as SUM_DURATION
from df
group by `End Station`
""").show(4)

+--------------------+------------+
|         End Station|SUM_DURATION|
+--------------------+------------+
|       2nd at Folsom|    21031718|
|California Ave Ca...|     2629339|
|Powell at Post (U...|     8691192|
| Golden Gate at Polk|     4531730|
+--------------------+------------+
only showing top 4 rows

df.groupBy("End Station").min("Duration").sort(asc("min(Duration)")).show(30)

+--------------------+-------------+
|         End Station|min(Duration)|
+--------------------+-------------+
|San Francisco Cal...|           60|
|       Howard at 2nd|           60|
|   Market at Sansome|           60|
|   2nd at South Park|           60|
|Yerba Buena Cente...|           60|
|Embarcadero at Fo...|           60|
|Embarcadero at Sa...|           60|
|     2nd at Townsend|           60|
|  Powell Street BART|           60|
|     Beale at Market|           60|
| Golden Gate at Polk|           60|
|   Steuart at Market|           60|
|      Market at 10th|           60|
|Harry Bridges Pla...|           60|
|     Spear at Folsom|           60|
|Temporary Transba...|           60|
|Civic Center BART...|           60|
|San Francisco Cal...|           60|
|Embarcadero at Va...|           61|
|       2nd at Folsom|           61|
|       Market at 4th|           61|
|     Townsend at 7th|           61|
|Mechanics Plaza (...|           61|
|San Antonio Caltr...|           61|
|Washington at Kearny|           61|
|Embarcadero at Br...|           61|
|San Jose Diridon ...|           62|
|South Van Ness at...|           62|
|Commercial at Mon...|           62|
|San Antonio Shopp...|           62|
+--------------------+-------------+
only showing top 30 rows

df.groupBy("End Station").agg(min("Duration"), max("Duration")).show(5)

+--------------------+-------------+-------------+
|         End Station|min(Duration)|max(Duration)|
+--------------------+-------------+-------------+
|       2nd at Folsom|           61|     17270400|
|California Ave Ca...|           82|       688899|
|Powell at Post (U...|           66|       141039|
| Golden Gate at Polk|           60|       238286|
|Yerba Buena Cente...|           60|      2137000|
+--------------------+-------------+-------------+
only showing top 5 rows

df.groupBy("End Station").sum("Duration").withColumnRenamed("sum(Duration)", "SUM_DURATION").show(5)

+--------------------+------------+
|         End Station|SUM_DURATION|
+--------------------+------------+
|       2nd at Folsom|    21031718|
|California Ave Ca...|     2629339|
|Powell at Post (U...|     8691192|
| Golden Gate at Polk|     4531730|
|Yerba Buena Cente...|     6658500|
+--------------------+------------+
only showing top 5 rows

rename a col

val df_renamed = df.withColumnRenamed("End Station", "End_station")
df_renamed.select("Duration", "End_station", "Bike #").show(2)

+--------+--------------------+------+
|Duration|         End_station|Bike #|
+--------+--------------------+------+
|     765|San Francisco Cal...|   288|
|    1036|Mountain View Cit...|    35|
+--------+--------------------+------+
only showing top 2 rows
df_renamed: org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrame = [Trip ID: int, Duration: int ... 9 more fields]

df.select("Duration", "End station", "Bike #").withColumnRenamed("Bike #", "Bike NB").show(4)

+--------+--------------------+-------+
|Duration|         End station|Bike NB|
+--------+--------------------+-------+
|     765|San Francisco Cal...|    288|
|    1036|Mountain View Cit...|     35|
|     307|   2nd at South Park|    468|
|     409| San Salvador at 1st|     68|
+--------+--------------------+-------+
only showing top 4 rows

df.selectExpr("Duration as DURATION", "`End station` as `END STATION`").show(4)

+--------+--------------------+
|DURATION|         END STATION|
+--------+--------------------+
|     765|San Francisco Cal...|
|    1036|Mountain View Cit...|
|     307|   2nd at South Park|
|     409| San Salvador at 1st|
+--------+--------------------+
only showing top 4 rows

That’s all for this gentle introduction : hope you’ve enjoyed it :)

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Olivier Brunet

Spark Dev - 1/5 a gentle introduction

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